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This chapter describes the development and use of a Conversational Proficiency (CPI) Interview that used for research purposes, and suggest clinical and educational uses. The conversational proficiency interview allows to explore issues such as; how the students and interviewers were able to establish and extend their communication, what communication strategies the students used in the three interviews, including insuring that the other person could understand them and could detect and repair breakdowns, and how these kinds of skills might inform the study of language, communication, and cognitive development in deaf students. Educators must also attend to the cognitive functions of language in addition to literacy, and provide the type of interactions that allow complex cognitive skills to develop. Instruments such as the CPI can help to evaluate the extent to which students are developing these important social and cognitive skills.
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